Ifuru ikoresha icyuma gishyushya mu kuvura imipira: Inama zo kugenzura ubushyuhe

By Mike ChenUmuyobozi w'Umusaruro | Imyaka 12+ mu Nganda za Rubber |LinkedIn

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Igenzura ry’ubushyuhe bwa PID rituma ubushyuhe bw’ifuru bugumana ubushyuhe buri hagati ya ± 1-2°C uvuye aho byashyizwe, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho ubucucike bungana ku bice byose biri mu itsinda.
• Amafuru azunguruka afite ingoma zifite impande enye agira ubushyuhe bungana neza kurusha amafuru adahindagurika kuko kuzenguruka guhoraho bituma ibice byose bijya mu mwuka ushyushye uzenguruka.
• Umuyoboro wa Omron PID ufite ubushobozi bwa 4-20 mA SSR urinda amashanyarazi gukabije binyuze mu guhindura imbaraga buri gihe aho kuyifungura no kuyizimya.
• Sisitemu zo kurinda ubushyuhe bwinshi mu ziko zigezweho zikoresha imigozi zihita zizimya icyuma gishyushya iyo icyuma gikoresha umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi cyananiwe, bikarinda kwangirika kw'inkongi y'umuriro n'ibicuruzwa.

Ifuru izunguruka yo gucukura rubber ifite intego itandukanye n’imashini zikoresha vulcanization primary. Ifuru ya kabiri - yitwa kandi post-curing - irangiza inzira yo guhuza itangira mu ifuru icukurwamo cyangwa ishyirwamo inshinge. Kubera ko imiterere y’ibinyabutabire bya rubber ikomeza kwiyongera mu gihe cyo gucukura rubber secondary, kugenzura ubushyuhe mu ifuru icukura bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwiza bw’umusaruro wa nyuma.

Iyi ngingo ivuga ku buryo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu ziko zikora mu gukaraba, inama zingirakamaro zo kubungabunga ubushyuhe bumwe, n'uburyo bwo kunoza ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibinyabutabire bitandukanye bya rubber n'ingano yabyo.

Impamvu kugenzura ubushyuhe mu itanura rikoresha icyuma gishyushya bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa

Gutunganya urusenda bikurikiza isano y’igihe n’ubushyuhe igenwa n’umuvuduko w’urusenda. Kuri buri kwiyongera kwa dogere selisiyusi 10 mu bushyuhe bwo gutunganya urusenda, igipimo cy’ihinduka ry’urusenda cyikuba kabiri. Ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 5 gusa mu gice kimwe cy’ibice rishobora gutanga itandukaniro rifatika mu mbaraga zo gukurura, uburebure mu gihe cyo kuruhuka, no gukanda mu gihe kimwe cyo gukora.

Kuri buriASTM D573naISO 188Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusaza ubushyuhe bwa rubber, isano iri hagati y'ubushyuhe n'impinduka mu miterere iragaragara iyo ubushyuhe bugenzuwe neza. Ibicuruzwa byavuwe ku mpera yo hasi y'urwego rwabigenewe bishobora kuba bitarahuza neza, bigatuma modulus nkeya n'ishyirwa ry'ubushyuhe riri hejuru. Ibicuruzwa biri ku mpera yo hejuru bishobora gukira cyane, bigacika intege bitewe n'uburebure buke. Ifuru ikoresha roller ikoreshwa mu gukaraba rubber hamwe n'ubushyuhe buhagije ikuraho ubu buhinduzi bw'ibice bitandukanye n'ibice bitandukanye.

Mu igerageza ryacu mu ruganda mu byiciro birenga 200 bya vulcanization hakoreshejwe ifuru ya XCJ-K600 roller, twabonye ko ibice byavuwe n'ubushyuhe bugenzurwa na PID muri ± 1.5°C y'aho byashyizwe byagaragaje itandukaniro riri hasi rya 23% mu bukomere bwa Shore A ugereranije n'ibice byavuwe mu ifuru bifite ubushyuhe bwa ± 5°C.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe mu ifuru ikora mu buryo bwo kuvura imipira

Amafuru agezweho yo gutunganya irangi ahuza uburyo butatu bwo kugenzura bukorana kugira ngo bukomeze gutunganya neza.

Umugenzuzi wa PID ufite umusaruro wa SSR

Igenzura ry'ubushyuhe rya Omron PID mu ziko rya XCJ-K600 na XCJ-K900 rikoresha algorithme ishingiye kuri proportional-integral-derivative kugira ngo ibare buri gihe imbaraga zikenewe zo gushyushya. Ikimenyetso cy'umusaruro cya 4-20 mA gitwara relay ya solid-state (SSR) ihindura imbaraga z'igishyushya buri gihe aho kuyiyobora ikayifungura ikayifunga. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura bukomeza bukuraho ubushyuhe bukabije n'ubushyuhe bugabanuka buterwa na thermostats zoroshye. Ibisubizo ni ubushyuhe buhamye bwo mu cyumba bufite ubuziranenge bwa ±1-2°C ku bintu bishyirwaho hagati y'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba na 260°C.

Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza umwuka ushyushye

Moteri y'umuvuduko muremure ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi itwara umufana wa turbine itanga 3000 CBM/h y'umwuka uzenguruka. Kubera ko umwuka ushyushye ugenda unyura mu ngoma ya octogonal no hejuru y'ibice bya rubber bigwa, buri gice cy'ubushyuhe gihura n'ubushyuhe bumwe. Uku kuzenguruka kubuza ahantu hashyuha hafi y'ibishyushya n'ahantu hakonje hafi y'umuryango cyangwa mfuruka. Ipamba y'umunyu ya mm 100 ikomeza ubushyuhe bw'inyuma bw'urukuta ruri munsi ya 35°C mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwa 200°C, bigabanya ubushyuhe bugabanuka kandi bikongera ubushyuhe burambye.

Guzunguruka kw'ingoma ya octagonal kugira ngo ubushyuhe bube bumwe

Igishushanyo cy'ingoma gifite impande enye gifite intego ebyiri: kizunguruka ibice bya kabutura mu mugezi w'umwuka ushyushye, kandi inkuta z'imbere zifite impande zikora inguni zitandukanye zo kugwa zibuza ibice kwishyira hamwe. Ikirundo cy'ibice gihagaze gifata ubushyuhe hagati, bigatuma habaho itandukaniro hagati y'ibice byo hanze n'iby'imbere. Ingoma izunguruka ikuraho ubu buryo bwo gutandukanya ibintu, kandi moteri izunguruka (0.75 kW) igumana umuvuduko uhoraho wo kuzunguruka uko umubare w'ibikoresho uhagaze.

Inama zo Kugenzura Ubushyuhe mu Gukoresha Ifuru Itunganya Rubber

1. Shyiraho ibipimo bya PID hashingiwe ku bunini bw'itsinda.Itsinda rya kilo 50 rifata ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo gushyushya mbere kuruta itsinda rya kilo 15. Hindura umurongo ngenderwaho n'igihe cy'inyongera kuri Omron PID controller kugira ngo urebe itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe. Tangira ukoresheje ibipimo bisanzwe by'uwakoze hanyuma utunganye ukurikije igihe cyo kugarura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gupakira.
2. Shyushya ifuru ikora neza kugeza aho ishyizwe mbere yo kuyipakira.Gushyira ibice bya rubber mu itanura ritaragera ku bushyuhe bungana bituma ubushyuhe bw'icyumba bugabanuka munsi y'aho bugenewe. Umugenzuzi wa PID arasubiza, ariko igihe cyo kugarura ibintu giterwa n'imbaraga z'umushyushya (10.5 kW muri XCJ-K600) n'uburemere bw'umutwaro ukonje. Reka iminota 15-20 yo gutuza nyuma yuko umugenzuzi agaragaje ko aho bugenewe hagezweho.
3. Kugenzura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gupakira.Igihe gikonje cyane mu gihe cyo gushyushya kibaho nyuma y'iminota 3-5 nyuma yo gushyiramo ifu nshya. Igabanuka ry'ubushyuhe ntirigomba kurenga 10°C kuri XCJ-K600 ifite umutwaro wa kg 15-20. Niba igabanuka rirenze 15°C, gabanya ingano y'ifu cyangwa wongere igihe cyo gushyushya mbere.
4. Koresha uburyo bwa "timer" kugira ngo ugenzure neza uruziga.Isaha 0-99.99 ifite icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi cyikora n'intabaza yumvikana ituma buri gice kibona igihe kimwe cyo gukaraba. Ntukishingikirize ku gihe cy'intoki, kuko itandukaniro ry'umukoresha rizana impinduka zidakenewe mu mikorere.
5. Gupima PID controller buri mwaka.Guhindagurika kw'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe uko igihe kigenda bigira ingaruka ku buryo umugenzuzi abikora neza. Ibyinjizwa n'umugenzuzi wa Omron bigomba kwemezwa ukoresheje thermocouple y'icyitegererezo yagenzuwe nibura rimwe mu mwaka. Ongera uhindure niba igipimo gitandukanye na dogere selisiyusi zirenga 2 ugereranije n'icyitegererezo ku bushyuhe busanzwe bwo gukora.
6. Genzura uburyo bwo kurinda ubushyuhe burenze urugero buri cyumweru.Uburinzi bukabije bw'ubushyuhe bubiri mu ziko rya XCJ-K600 na XCJ-K900 burimo sensor zigenga zifite ubushobozi bwo kuzimya icyuma gishyushya iyo icyuma gicunga umuriro cyananiwe. Gerageza ubu buryo uzamura ahantu hanini hejuru y'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere hanyuma wemeze ko icyuma gishyushya cyacitse.

Ubushyuhe bw'ifuru busabwa mu kuvura ibikomoka kuri peteroli bisanzwe

Ubushyuhe bushingiye ku mabwiriza rusange yo guhuza. Ibipimo nyabyo bigomba kwemezwa n'umucuruzi w'ibicuruzwa kandi bigasuzumwa binyuze mu isuzuma ry'imiterere y'ibikoresho nk'uko ASTM D412 na ASTM D395 zibiteganya.

Ibibazo bisanzwe byo kugenzura ubushyuhe mu ziko zitunganya imipira

Ibibazo byinshi byo kugenzura ubushyuhe bishobora kumenyekana binyuze mu kugenzura buri gihe ecran ya sisitemu yo kugenzura ya Delta, itanga amakuru y'uko imikorere ihagaze mu gihe nyacyo.

Guhitamo ifuru ikwiye yo gukaraba irangi

Ifuru ya XCJ-K600 na XCJ-K900 ikomoka muri Xiamen Xingchangjia itanga ingano ebyiri zo gutunganya ku bipimo bitandukanye by'umusaruro. XCJ-K600 ifite icyumba cya litiro 600 gifite ingano ya mm 1300 (W) x mm 1600 (H) x mm 1100 (T), ikwiriye gukorwa mu ntoki kugeza ku giciriritse. XCJ-K900 itanga litiro 900 kuri mm 1300 (W) x mm 1600 (H) x mm 1300 (T), yagenewe ibikorwa byo gukaraba ingano nini.

Ubwoko bwombi busangiye sisitemu imwe yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ibanze — Omron PID controller, 10.5 kW heater, 3000 CBM/h circulating fan, hamwe n'uburinzi bubiri bukabije bw'ubushyuhe. Imbere n'inyuma by'icyuma cya stainless steel 304 bifite ubugari bwa mm 1.5 birinda ingese mu myaka myinshi ikoreshwa. Ubushyuhe bushobora guhindurwa kuva ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba kugeza kuri 280°C bukubiyemo ibisabwa byose bya vulcanization bya kabiri kuri NBR, EPDM, FKM, silicone, na HNBR.

Umwanzuro: Ubushyuhe bwo kuvura buri gihe busobanura ubwiza bwa rubber buri gihe

Kugenzura ubushyuhe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu gukwirakwiza umwuka mu buryo bwa kabiri. Ifuru ikora mu buryo bwa roller ikoreshwa mu gupima PID, gukwirakwiza umwuka ushyushye neza, no guzunguruka kw'ingoma mu buryo bwa octagonal bitanga uburyo bumwe bwo gushyushya bukenewe kugira ngo habeho ubucucike buhamye ku bice byose muri buri gice. Imashini zigenzura Omron PID zifite 4-20 mA SSR output, zifatanye n'umwuka wa 3000 CBM/h hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwa 100 mm, zitanga ubushyuhe buhamye bukenewe kugira ngo ISO 188 na ASTM D573 byumvikane.

Abakoresha bakurikiza gahunda zo gucunga ubushyuhe - gushyushya mbere y'igihe, gukurikirana ubwiyongere bw'ibikoresho, kugenzura ko bihuye, no kubungabunga uburyo bw'umutekano - bagera ku tandukaniro rito mu miterere ya rubber yavuwe kandi umusaruro ukaba mwinshi.